冬小麦生育期不同保水措施土壤水分变化研究

研究了不同保水措施及灌水对小麦田表层土壤保水及入渗性能的影响。结果表明，总的趋势是随着保水剂用量的增加，保水性能增强。在越冬期内，秸秆覆盖下的土壤表层水分略高于保水剂处理；从返青期到孕穗期，灌水和不灌水处理的土壤表层水分消耗差异明显，灌水处理的表层土壤含水量比不灌水处理下降的多；在孕穗后期，灌水处理表层土壤含水量明显高于不灌水处理，且随保水剂用量增加而增加，秸秆覆盖处理稍低于保水剂处理；收获后，处理间差异不显著。在土壤导水方面，耕作和保水措施都提高了土壤渗透性能，传统耕作和灌水处理均降低了土壤饱和导水率。灌水条件下，保水剂用量45kg／hm^2时有利于提高土壤饱和导水率。

Effect of Different Water-retaining Methods on Soil Moisture During Growing Stages of Winter Wheat

This paper investigated the effects of different water-retaining methods on topsoil moisture and infiltration in winter wheat field. The results indicated that soil water-retaining capability increased with increasing the water-remaining reagent. In winter, soil moisture in straw covered treatment was higher than that treated with the water-retaining regent, while from the re-greening stage to the booting stage, there was evident difference between treatments of irrigation and no-irrigation, and the decrease of topsoil water in irrigation treatment was greater than that in no-irrigation treatment. At the later booting stage, topsoil water increased with increasing the water-remaining reagent, and topsoil water in straw covered treatment was lower than that treated with the water-retaining regent. After harvest, there was no difference between treatments. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity could be improved by tillage and water-retaining methods, but reduced in irrigation treatment and tillage. Under the condition of irrigation, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was propitious to improve when applying the water-retaining agent at 45 kg/hm^2.