燃料电池空气电极的孔道结构调控

燃料电池是将化学能转化成电能的装置，其空气电极催化层的设计，既要包含丰富的、易于接近的反应活性位，也要具备高度连通的电子、质子以及反应物、产物传质通道，因此电极必须具有特定三维几何结构形貌和有序分布的各功能化孔道，确保催化活性位得以充分利用以及反应可以连续进行。针对催化剂孔道的几何结构调控，本文调研了最近报道的一系列研究工作，从模板法、高温相变法、模板/相变复合方法以及基于金属有机框架材料进行孔道设计等四种主要方法出发，综述了该领域的最新研究进展。

Strategies for tuning porous structures of air electrode in fuel cells

A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The design of the catalytic layer of the air electrode must not only include abundant and easily accessible reactive sites, but also have highly connected electrons, protons, and reactant and product mass transfer channels.Thus the electrodes should hold specific three-dimensional geometrical structures and well-arranged functional channels to ensure accessibility of the active sites and continuous electrochemical reaction. Recently, a range of strategies have been reported to construct various porous structures for electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction, including templating method, high temperature induced phase transition method, combined templating and phase transition method, and the pore-making method based on metal-organic-framework materials. The latest progresses in this field are reviewed in this article.