流道布置对风冷燃料电池性能影响的研究

风冷燃料电池在无人机上应用具有较大的优势，但其仍然面临着性能低、水热管理复杂等问题。采用数值模拟研究了阴阳极流道顺流、逆流以及交叉流布置方式对风冷燃料电池性能的影响，讨论了各物理量之间的耦合机制。研究发现阴极流道布置对风冷燃料电池关键物理量分布影响显著，受水含量分布不均影响，交叉流布置催化层中电流密度呈现孤立点状分布，相较于顺流流道布置与逆流流道布置，交叉流流道布置具有较好的热管理特性，能够显著提高膜电极中水含量，继而提升风冷燃料电池性能，在0.6 V操作电压下，交叉流流道布置电流密度相比较顺流流道设计提升了约20%，此外研究还发现，环境相对湿度的降低会显著降低风冷燃料电池性能。

Study on the effect of gas channel arrangement on the performance of air-cooled fuel cells

Air-cooled fuel cells have great advantages in unmanned aerial vehicle application, but they still face problems such as low performance and complex water and heat management. In this study, effects of co-flow, counter-flow and cross-flow gas channel arrangements on the performance of air-cooled fuel cell are studied. The coupling mechanism between various physical quantities is also discussed. It is found that gas channel arrangements have a significant influence on the distribution of key physical quantities of air-cooled fuel cells. Affected by the uneven distribution of dissolved water content, the current density distribution in the cathode catalytic layer of cross-flow arrangement presents an isolated point distribution. Due to good thermal management of cross-flow gas channel arrangement, it can significantly improve the water content of membrane electrode, and then improve the cell performance. Under the operating voltage of 0.6 V, the current density of cross-flow gas channel arrangement is 20% higher than that of co-flow gas channel arrangement. In addition, it is also found that the reduction of ambient humidity will significantly reduce the performance of air-cooled fuel cells.