高性能碳基储能材料的设计、合成与应用

电化学储能器件的性能很大程度上决定于其电极材料。碳材料具有来源广泛、化学稳定性好、易于调控、环境友好等优点，被广泛应用于各类能量存储系统，但仍存在能量密度低、倍率性能差等问题。本文从碳材料孔结构调控、杂原子掺杂、与金属氧化物复合三个角度，综述了构建高性能碳基储能材料的设计合成策略，介绍了其在锂/钠离子二次电池、超级电容器等领域的研究进展，对几种方法策略的优缺点进行了总结，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文对高性能碳基储能电极材料的设计开发具有积极意义。

Design,synthesis and application of high-performance carbon-based energy storage materials

The performance of electrochemical energy storage device mainly depends on the electrode materials. Carbon materials have been widely applied in various energy storage systems due to their multitudinous advantages such as wide availability, excellent chemical stability, easy to modulate, and environmental friendliness. However, traditional carbon materials still suffer from problems such as low capacity density and poor rate performance. This review focuses on the design strategies for high-performance carbon-based energy storage materials, including pore structure regulation, heteroatomic doping, and combination with metal oxides. Their applications in lithium/sodium ion secondary batteries and supercapacitors are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies are summarized, and the future research direction is also prospected. It has positive significance for the design and development of high-performance carbon-based energy storage electrode materials.