美国绿河油页岩中沥青热解特征及动力学

沥青是油页岩中的重要有机质，也是油页岩中油母质热解产油和气过程的重要中间产物，对其热解研究有利于加深油页岩/油母质热解理解。通过索氏萃取提取出了绿河油页岩中的沥青，并对其进行了不同升温速率下热解实验。基于热重（TGA）数据，使用Friedman法计算了沥青热解的活化能，并通过活化能分布特征，推测沥青热解可能包含三个过程。接着，使用双高斯函数对含有交叠峰的DTG曲线进行反褶积处理，分解成三个峰，依次对应每一个过程。使用最小二乘法获得了这三个过程的活化能、指前因子和反应模型通式，并将获得的通式与四类固态物质热解模型中的11种理想模型进行对比，辨识出上述三个过程均遵循n级反应模型。

Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of bitumen from Green River oil shale

Bitumen is an important organic matter in oil shale and also a vital intermediate product from pyrolysis of kerogen to oil and gas. Soxhlet extraction is employed to obtain bitumen from Green River oil shale, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the bitumen is carried out under different heating rates. Based on TGA data, isoconversional Friedman method is used to estimate activation energy of bitumen pyrolysis, and the characteristic of activation energy indicates that its pyrolysis most likely involves three processes. Then, bi-Gaussian function is used to deconvolute DTG curves with overlapping peaks into three independent peaks. Subsequently, non-linear least square method is performed to analyze the peaks to estimate activation energies, pre-exponential factors and general forms of reaction models of each process. Comparisons are then made between general forms of reaction models and 11 kinetics models based on four solid-state pyrolysis mechanisms to discriminate reaction models, and results show that the three processes all follow nth-order kinetics model.