施工条件下CO2泡沫压裂液的对流换热特性

引　言水力压裂是油气井增产、注水井增注的一项重要技术 ,在开发低渗透率油气田中压裂起到了关键性的作用 ,本来没有工业价值的油气田经压裂后可变为有相当储量及相当开发规模的大油气田 .在影响压裂成败的诸因素中重要的是压裂液及其性能 ,对于大型压裂 ,这个因素就更为突出 .压裂液的类型及其性能对能否造出一条足够尺寸的、有足够导流能力的裂缝有着重要的影响泡沫作为压裂液在 2 0世纪 70年代初获得广泛应用 ,通常为气体 (CO2 或N2 )与压裂液 (如水基聚合物羟丙基胍胶等 )的两相混合物 .由于它具有油层伤害低、返排能力强、滤失量小、用液效率高、黏度适当、携砂能力强等特点 ,在压裂液体系中占据了相当重要的地位 .目前在国外 ,泡沫压裂液占整个压裂液体系的 30 %～ 5 0 %压裂液的流变特性如表观黏度、流变参数、热稳定性、剪切稳定性等对于携砂能力、造缝能力以及管流压降的预测具有决定性的作用 ,将直接影响到压裂参数的选择、压裂效果的评估 .对CO2 泡沫压裂液流变特性的研究参见作者的另一文献1] ,在此不作说明 .在影响压裂液流变特性的诸多因素中温度的影响巨大 ,而在泵注过程或裂缝中泡沫流体不断和地层岩石间进行...

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER OF CO2 FOAM FRACTURING FLUID UNDER DOWNHOLE CONDITIONS

Foam fracturing is an important technology in the development of low permeability oil/gas reservoirs. The heat transfer characteristics of foam fracturing fluid are directly relevant to the calculation of pressure drop in the well, the optimum choice of fracturing parameters and the accurate evaluation of fracturing results. CO 2 foam fracturing fluid behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid. The convective heat transfer characteristics of CO 2 foam fracturing fluid were experimentally investigated on the newly constructed large-scale test loop under downhole conditions with CO 2 in supercritical state, the pressure up to 40 MPa. From the test data, corresponding correlations for convective heat transfer were obtained and the influences of pressure, temperature and flow rate were also studied. The convective heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of temperature and flow rate, while the effect of pressure was much more complicated.In most cases, with the increase of pressure the coefficient tended to decrease.