仿生材料的构建及其在水环境化学领域中的研究进展

仿生材料是模仿生物形貌或分子结构并具有相似功能的合成材料，在水环境化学领域的研究中被广泛关注。综述了仿生材料在该领域的研究现状。首先，总结了仿生材料的构建方法，包括生物活性单元负载或重构、活性中心结构仿生、催化环境仿生和形貌仿生。其次，梳理了仿生材料在水中污染物的氧化去除、还原去除以及检测方面的研究进展。总体而言，其独特的结构、作用机制与优异效能使其具有较强的实际应用潜力，其微观结构与效能的相关关系及最优化结构的可控合成方法是后续研究要关注的关键问题。最后，论述了水环境化学领域中仿生材料研究所面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

The construction of biomimetic materials and their research progress in the field of aquatic environmental chemistry

Inspired by the biomorphic structures or chemical properties of biological molecules, many biomimetic materials are designed and attract considerable attention in the field of aquatic environmental chemistry. In this review, the research progress of biomimetic materials in that field is systematically summarized. Biomimetic materials can be designed by molecular bionics or biomorphic design. Molecular bionic approaches include re-construction or immobilization of the natural material, mimicking the active sites of biological molecules, and mimicking the catalytic environments of natural materials. These biomimetic materials have been applied in the studies of oxidative or reductive removal of contaminants from water and their detection. Its unique structure, mechanism of action and excellent performance make it have strong potential for practical application. The correlation between its microstructure and performance and the controllable synthesis method of the optimized structure are the key issues to be paid attention to in the follow-up research. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of biomimetic materials research in the field of water environment chemistry are discussed.