Fabrication process of smooth functionally graded materials through a real-time inline control of the component ratio |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China;2. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266000, China;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, Tianjin 300387, China;1. Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av. 51, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia;2. Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508 Normandie Université, CNRS, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, CAEN Cedex 4, France;1. Department of Mechanical Science, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan;2. Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan;3. Department of Mechanical Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan;1. Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan;2. Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan;3. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;1. National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan;2. Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma,Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan;1. Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510650, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou, 510650, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Iron Matrix Composite Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510650, China |
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| Abstract: | Functionally graded materials (FGMs) play an essential role in tissue engineering because of their satisfactory histocompatibility and excellent mechanical performance. While traditional manufacturing methods allow production of simple FGMs, precise control of composition and customized property at transition between the dissimilar materials is still a challenge. Here, an extrusion-based functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) platform was developed to generate smooth graded parts by thrusting out monolithic cylindrical filaments with high viscosity. Furthermore, the rheological properties, hydrodynamic behavior, and mixed homogeneity of the non-Newtonian fluids were studied. Therefore, the appropriate solid contents, alternative energy-efficient mixers, and optimized printing parameters were proved to be beneficial for an outstanding deposition effect of the suspension. Ultimately, an object with smooth gradient was successfully manufactured. The validity of this strategy was verified via optical microscopy combined with an image processing method to gauge homogeneity and a scanning electron microscope to investigate graded composition and microstructure. |
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| Keywords: | Functionally graded materials Smooth gradient Extrusion-based 3D printing Static mixer Mixed homogeneity |
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