中国东北第四纪冰川研究新进展:遗迹厘定、新发现与冰期模式

东北是否发育第四纪冰川及其范围、性质与冰期问题,始终没有定论。在对长白山及大兴安岭冰川遗迹厘定基础上,进行了专项调查,并采用地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)及全球定位系统(GPS)的3S技术,采取钻探测图、孢粉、泥砾粒度与渗透性分析及¹⁴C定年等方法,在长白山及大兴安岭发现了冰蚀谷及泥砾堆积等新的冰川遗迹,进一步肯定了两座山地第四纪冰川的存在及其多期性。在小兴安岭首次发现冰蚀岩墙等冰川遗迹,填补了研究空白,证明小兴安岭也曾发育第四纪冰川。综合多种信息,确定长白山与大兴安岭分别有4次冰期和3次间冰期,小兴安岭至少有1次冰期。最后构建了可以与国际对比的冰期序列,重建了区域第四纪冰川环境演化模式:早更新世早期冷干,中晚期偏暖湿; 中更新世早期冷湿,中晚期暖湿; 晚更新世早期冷稍湿,中期暖湿,晚期冷干。

New advance on Quaternary glacier in Northeast China: remains examination,new discovery and ice epoch model

It is a problem whether Quaternary glacier developed in Northeast China, and the area, property and ice epoch were debatable. Based on the remains examination of Quaternary glacier in Changbai Mountains and Da Hinggan Mountains, Quaternary glaciers were investigated by the methods of the 3S technologies with geographic information science(GIS), remote sensing(RS)and global positioning system(GPS), drilling and mapping, pollen analysis, fineness and osmotic permeability analysis and ¹⁴C dating. The remains of Quaternary glacier including glacier valley and boulder clay were discovered in Changbai Mountains and Da Hinggan Mountains; therefore, Quaternary glacier and its ice epoch had been affirmed further in the regions. In Xiao Hinggan Mountains, ice erosion wall discovered for the first time showed that Quaternary glacier developed in the region. There were four ice epochs and three interglacial epochs in Changbai Mountains and Da Hinggan Mountains, respectively, and at least one ice epoch in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. The sequence of ice epoch, which could compare with the international, had been structured in Northeast China. The environmental evolution model of Quaternary glacier was reconstructed: the climate was cold and dry in the early stage of Early Pleistocene; it was worm and wet in the middle of Early Pleistocene; it was cold and wet in the early of Middle Pleistocene; it was cold and a bit wet in the early of Late Pleistocene, worm in the middle, and cold and dry in the late.