基于导重法的叉车门架轻量化设计

针对大型复杂机械设计余量过大的现象，采用导重法和灵敏度计算相结合的集成优化法对某型号内燃叉车的门架结构进行全局轻量化设计. 推导强度、刚度等多性态约束条件，搭建导重法单目标、多性态约束优化模型，利用Lamker算法求解Kuhn-Tucker乘子；灵敏度计算采用带有经典误差修正项的半解析法（ESA），引入单元误差修正项，消除刚体转动位移带来的误差；结合导重法，解决了容重和导重难以求解的问题. 利用有限元法，对优化后的门架结构进行强度和刚度校核. 结果表明，采用导重法和灵敏度计算相结合的集成优化法效果显著，使得叉车门架质量降低18.21%，优化后的门架强度和刚度满足设计要求.

Lightweight design of forklift frame based on guide weight method

The integrated optimization method combining the guide weight method and the sensitivity calculation was used to lightweight design the gantry structure of a certain type of internal combustion forklift aiming at the large margin of large-scale mechanical design. The multi-state constraints such as strength and stiffness were derived. The single-objective and multi-sex constraint optimization model of the guide weight method was established. The Kuhn-Tucker multiplier was solved by Lamker algorithm. The semi-analytic method with classical error correction term (ESA) was used to calculate sensitivity, and the unit error correction term was introduced to eliminate the error caused by the rotational displacement of the rigid body. The problem that the bulk density and the guided weight are difficult to solve was solved combined with the guide weight method. The finite element method was used to check the strength and stiffness of the optimized gantry structure. Results show that the integrated optimization method combined with the guide weight method and the sensitivity calculation has a significant effect, which makes the quality of the forklift gantry reduced by 18.21%. The optimized gantry strength and stiffness meet the design requirements.