广府传统三间两廊天井空间风热参数特性现场研究

天井是南方湿热地区传统建筑适应气候、构建人居意向和横纵空间组织的重要元素。作为连接室内外的热缓冲空间，在遮阳和通风等方面具有良好的气候适应性，其风热环境特性对于传统建筑活化利用、保护修缮等具有重要意义。以广州市花都区茶塘村一座典型广府式“三间两廊”传统民居为研究对象，采用网格布点与局部布点相结合的方法，在夏季典型气象背景下，对天井内部、沿廊、厢房、厅堂区域共32个测点进行风热环境参数(空气温度、黑球温度、风速)现场测试。结果显示，天井空间在11:00和14:00时，热压通风作用最大；天井空间纵向呈从高到低风热参数波动范围逐步减小的趋势，2.5 m及以上高度的风热参数受室外参数影响大；风速在天井纵面分布中有对角两极化的现象；开向巷道的户门启闭对2.5 m内天井空间风场影响大，对温度场影响不明显；除厅堂外，天井空间与连廊、厢房空间的风热参数具有显著的正相关关系。本文结果为研究、保护广府传统建筑提供一定的辅助依据。

A Field Study of Wind and Heat Parameter Characteristics of Three Rooms and Two Corridors in Guangfu

The patio is an important element of traditional architecture in hot and humid regions to adapt to the climate, build the intention of human habitation, and organize the space. As a thermal buffer space connecting indoor and outdoor, the patio space of Lingnan traditional buildings has good climatic adaptability in terms of shading and ventilation, and its wind and thermal environmental characteristics are important for the restoration, conservation and optimization of traditional buildings. A typical Guangfu-style "three rooms and two corridors" traditional building in Chatang Village, Guangzhou City, is studied by using a combination of grid and local distribution methods, and a total of 32 measurement points are used to test the wind and thermal environment parameters in the interior of the patio, connecting corridors, compartments and halls under a typical summer weather background. The results show that the thermal pressure ventilation effect of patio space is the largest at 11:00 and 14:00. The fluctuation range of parameters in the vertical patio space decreases from high to low, and the wind and heat parameters in the height of 2.5 m and above are greatly affected by outdoor parameters. There is diagonal polarization in the vertical distribution of wind speed. The door opening and closing of open roadway has a great influence on the spatial wind field of the patio within 2.5 m, but has no obvious influence on the temperature field. Except for the hall, the wind-heat parameters of patio space are positively correlated with corridor space and wing space. The results provide basis for the study and preservation of traditional architecture in Guangfu.