乌东德水电站移民安置区水环境保护

为防止移民安置带来新的水环境污染,根据乌东德水电站移民安置区建设的施工期与运行期的规模与污水的生物性质不同分类研究污水处理方案.施工期中将生活与生产废水分开处理.运行期中生活污水的处理模式主要分为接入市政管网统一处理模式、分散处理模式和集中处理模式,处理方案以因地制宜,操作简单和接管优先为原则.将移民安置点按人口进行分类,人口规模≤200人为小型移民安置区,200人〈人口规模≤1000人为中大型移民安置区,〉1000人为特大型移民安置区.参考了澳大利亚的＂非尔脱＂技术、韩国的湿地污水处理技术、美国的高藻类塘系统技术和国内的化粪池技术和人工湿地技术,制定了适合小型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋自然稳定塘技术、适合中大型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋厌氧池＋人工湿地、适合特大型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋沉淀池＋人工湿地等三个典型复合污水处理技术,在处理污水的同时,兼顾了水资源、生物资源的综合利用,达到安置区污水排放标准,保护移民安置区的水环境.

Water environmental protection of immigrant resettlement area of Wu Dongde hydropower station

To prevent new water pollution from resettlement,sewage treatment scheme was studied according to the sewage＇s different scales and biological characteristics in constructing and running period of resettlement area of Wu Dongde Hydropower Station.Domestic sewage and wastewater in production were treated separately in the constructing period.The main treatment models of domestic sewage are unified treatment model of connected municipal pipe network,distributed treatment model and centralized treatment model in the running period.The resettlement area are classified according to local population： population are less than or equal to 200 people as the small resettlement area,population are greater than 200 and less than or equal to 1 000 as the medium-large resettlement area,population are greater than 1 000 as the large resettlement area.Three kinds of complex schemes are proposed,including three compartments septic tank natural stabilization pond technology which is suitable for the small resettlement area,three compartments septic tank anaerobic tank artificial wetland technology which is suitable for the medium-large resettlement area,and three compartments septic tank sedimentation tank artificial wetland technology which is suitable for the large resettlement area.The ＂FILTER＂ technology of Australia,South Korea＇s wetland wastewater treatment technology,America＇s high algae pond system technology and domestic septic tank and artificial wetland technology are referred,and land treatment technology,biological treatment technology and combination technology are used.Water and biological resources comprehensive utilization are considered while treating the sewage,which meets the discharge standard of sewage,and protects the water environment in resettlement area.