加油站储罐火灾与爆炸危险区域分析

汽车加油站储罐区是加油站涉及油品最多的区域，油品均属于易燃液体，发生火灾、爆炸事故的概率较大，而且一旦发生事故，后果相当严重．针对汽车加油站平面布局的合理性问题，提出了池火灾数学模型计算罐区火灾的事故后果；根据不同热辐射值对人体的伤害和周围设备的破坏情况，推导出不同危险情况下的危险距离；采用蒸气云爆炸数学模型计算油罐区发生爆炸的爆炸能量，选用G·M莱克霍夫计算公式，依据爆炸事故产生的爆炸冲击波对周围建筑物和人员的伤害程度进行评估，计算出危险距离．加油站发生火灾和爆炸波及的危险距离对于确定加油站的选址、建设、平面布局、风险控制等有很重要的意义．同等危险情况下，爆炸危险区域大于火灾危险区域，即爆炸的安全距离大于火灾的安全距离，所以汽车加油站储罐区周边设置其他建构筑物或设备设施时，可以根据此算法，重点考虑储罐区发生爆炸波及的危险区域．

On hazardous areas of fire and explosion for storage tank in the filling station

The storage tank area of filling station has probability of fire and explosion accidents and the consequences of fire and explosion are very serious. To realize the reasonable layout of filling stations, the pool fire mathematical model was put forward to calculate the consequences of fire accidents in storage tank area, different hazard distances were derived on basis of different thermal radiation damage, explosion energy was calculated by using vapor cloud explosion mathematical model, injury degrees on buildings, personnel and hazard distances were assessed with G. M. likhoff formula. It is important that hazardous distance of fire and explosion is determined for location, construction, layout, risk control of filling stations. Under the same dangerous circumstance, explosion hazardous area is farther than fire hazardous area, and safety distance of explosion is farther than fire＇ s. So, according to the algorithm, the hazardous area of explosion is mainly considered when buildings, structures, equipments and facilities are set around the filling stations.