香菇多糖和金针菇多糖的提取及其抑菌活性

为了探索食用菌多糖在抗菌方面的开发和应用，采用菌丝体发酵法，制得金针菇和香菇胞外多糖，采用热水浸提结合微波预处理法，提取香菇菌柄多糖，并采用正交试验方法对提取工艺进行优化，然后采用滤纸片法测试金针菇胞外多糖、香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的抑制活性．结果表明：香菇菌柄多糖提取的最佳工艺为微波预处理3mm（处理过程中微波炉的功率为480w）、料液比为1：30（g：mL）、浸提时间为1．5h和浸提温度为96℃．在8．5mg／mL的浓度下，金针菇胞外多糖，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均无抑制作用；在4．8mg／mL的浓度下，香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均有抑制活性．香菇胞外多糖，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0．15、4．8、4．8mg／mL；香菇菌柄多糖，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为2．4、4．8、4．8mg／mL．不同浓度的香菇多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性不同；香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性存在差异．

Extraction and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes and Flammulina velutipes

To develop and apply the polysaccharide of anti-bacterial and anti-fungi from edible fungi, Flarnmulirta velutipes exopolysaccharide and Lentinus edodes exopolysaccharide were extracted from the fermentation broth of F. velutipes and L. edodes by mycelia liquid fermentation. L. edodes polysaccharide was extracted by hot water extraction with microwave, and the optimum extraction factors were determined by orthogonal experiment. Agar diffusion method was used to measure the activities of exopolysaccharide and polysaccharide against Escherichia coli （E. coli）, Staphylococcus aureus （ S. aureus ） and Candida albicans （ C. albicans ）. The optimal conditions of hot water extraction method is that the microwave time is 3 minutes at 480 W, the ratio of material to water is 1 ： 30 （g/mL）, the extraction time is 1.5 h, and the extraction temperature is 96 ℃. Under the dosage of 8.5 mg/mL, F. velutipes exopolysaccharide have no inhibition activities against E. coli, S. aureus and （7. albicans. Under the dosage of 4. 8 mg/mL, L. edodes exopolysaccharide and L. edodes polysaccharide all have inhibition activities against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of L. edodes exopolysaccharide is 0. 15 mg/mL, 4. 8 mg/mL and 4.8 mg/mL, and the MIC of L. edodes polysaccharide is 2.4 mg/mL, 4.8 mg/mL and 4.8 mg/mI. against E. coli, S. aureus and C, albicans, respectively. The L. edodes polysaccharide of different concentrations have different inhibition activities against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. L. edodes exopolysaccharide and L. edodes polysaccharide have different inhibition activities against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans, and the inhibition activities of L. edodes exopolysaecharide is better than that of L. edodes Dolvsaccharide.