CO2的能源化利用技术进展与展望

在当前碳中和背景下，人类向着“少碳、用碳与无碳”的CO2减排之路前行。CO2捕集、利用与封存技术（CCUS）作为最直接的“碳中和”技术策略，为促进大气CO2净减排发挥了重要作用。然而，当前CCUS技术普遍面临着低效率、高能耗、高成本的技术难题，限制了该类技术的大规模应用与推广。近年来，随着可再生电能的不断发展，CO2减排与能源体系耦合的电池技术、储能技术应运而生，这类CO2能源化利用技术有望解决当前CCUS技术体系高能耗、高成本的技术难题，同时有利于新能源的周期性消纳。然而，在这类CO2能源化利用技术中，主要是将CO2作为一种能源介质，对外输出的能量并非来自CO2本身。但是值得我们注意的是，CO2转变为碳酸盐的过程是化学位降低的反应过程，意味着CO2本身也是一种潜在的能源，本文作者正是利用这一热力学有利的反应，成功开发了利用CO2本身蕴含的能量进行深度发电的CO2矿化发电技术，并在最近的研究中将CO2矿化电池的最大功率密度提升至了96.75W/m2。本文依据反应原理对上述提到的CO2能源化利用技术进行了分类总结和探讨，并提出未来CO2能源化利用的发展建议，旨在为CO2减排的碳中和路径提供思路参考。

Progress and Prospect of CO2 Energy Utilization Technology

Under the current background of carbon neutrality, mankind is moving forward on the road of "less carbon, use carbon and no carbon" to reduce CO2 emission. As the most effective "carbon neutral" technology strategy, CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS) has played an important role in promoting the net reduction of atmospheric CO2. However, low efficiency and high energy consumption are issues preventing current CCUS technology from industrial large-scale application. In recent years, with the continuous development of renewable electricity, battery and energy storage technologies that couple CO2 emission reduction and energy system have emerged. The CO2 energy utilization technology offers a solution for efficient CO2 emission reduction technology which it is conductive to the periodic consumption of new energy. However, CO2 is mainly used as an energy medium in this type of CO2 energy utilization technology, and the external energy output does not stem from CO2 itself. It is worth noting that the process of converting CO2 to carbonate is a reaction with lowering the chemical potential, which means that CO2 itself is also a potential energy source. The author of this article uses this thermodynamically favorable reaction to successfully develop CO2 mineralized power generation technology which utilizes the energy contained in CO2 itself for deep power generation. And in recent studies, the maximum power density of the CO2 mineralization cell has been increased to 96.75W/m2. Based on the reaction principle, this article summarizes and discusses the CO2 energy utilization technologies mentioned above, and proposes development suggestions for the future CO2 energy utilization, aiming to provide ideas for the carbon-neutral path by CO2 emission reduction.