河谷文明演变与历史滑坡堵江——以金沙江上游卓英村为例

近年来，作者在横断山脉三江并流区开展历史堵江滑坡调查，在金沙江上游发现序列沿江分布的残碉，其中以左岸的白玉县卓英村残碉分布最为集中，共17座，且未见公开报导。这些残碉是一个历史部落或村庄的遗迹，是藏彝走廊历史文化遗存的组成部分。鉴于藏彝走廊研究主要集中在社会科学方面，本文尝试采用自然科学方法拓展相关研究。基于现场调查和地质测年，结合前人工作成果，确定残碉群的建造时间与历史归属，分析历史滑坡堵江事件对河流地貌与河谷文明演变的影响。结果表明：（1）卓英村残碉群兴建于1780~1490 a BP，相应的历史年代为东汉末期至南朝时期，按地域极有可能是古白狼国遗迹；（2）残碉的修建高程与时间与措拉古滑坡堰塞湖尾部的湖滩高程与溃决时间等具有较好的一致性，湖泊淤积、干热河谷气候、取水便利等为卓英村的兴起奠定了基础；（3）约1510 a BP前的一次大洪水事件导致措拉堰塞坝完全溃决，岸坡塌岸引起的耕地逐渐消失、取水不便等人居环境恶化是导致卓英村被遗弃的自然因素；（4）横断山脉河流历史堵江滑坡引起的河道淤积为民族迁徙提供了良好的通道，也留存了丰富的历史遗迹，类似卓英村残碉的深入研究有望丰富和拓展白狼国与藏彝走廊的研究内容。

Evolution of River Valley Civilization and Paleo-landslide Damming Events: An Example of Zhuoying Village in the Upper Reaches of Jinsha River

Along the upstream of the Jinsha River, a series of ancient tower relics were discovered during the investigation of paleo-landslide damming events in the three-parallel-rivers region of the Hengduan Mountains in the recent years, among which the relics are most densely distributed in Zhuoying village, numbered 17 and not reported in public literature. The relics were left by a historical tribe or village and constituted part of the historical heritage in the Zang-yi corridor. Forasmuch as the research of Zang-yi corridor is mainly confined to social sciences, the paper is trying to investigate to the issue by means of natural science. Based on field reconnaissance, geological dating combined with literature review, the construction history and constructor of the relics were uncovered, and the effects of landslide damming events on the evolution of river geomorphology and river valley civilization were analyzed. Results shows that (1) the construction time of the tower relics in Zhuoying village is between 1780 - 1490 a BP, corresponding to the late Donghan dynasty to Nanchao period, and is most likely the relics of the ancient Bailang nation according to its location; (2) the elevation and construction time agree well with the elevation of lacustrine beach and dam breaching time of the Cuola paleo-dammed lake respectively, lake-silting, hot-dry climate in the river valley and easy water intaking condition laid a solid foundation for the rise of Zhuoying village; .(3) At around 1510 a BP a big flood event led to the complete breaching of the Cuola dam, and worsening living conditions as the arable land loss by subsequent bank erosion, inconvenient water intaking condition etc were the main factors leading to the abandonment of the village; (4) the river channel silting induced by paleo-landslide damming events along the rivers in Hengduan Mountains provided convenient route for the migration of historical nationalities, and abundant historic relics were thus kept, so a thorough investigation of the relics as those in Zhuoying village is likely to deepen and expand our understanding of the ancient Bailang nation and Zang-yi corridor.