地震堰塞湖排险技术与治理保护

“5·12”汶川特大地震形成了上百处堰塞体高度大于10 m,蓄水量大于1.0×105 m3,集雨面积大于20 km2的堰塞湖。根据各类堰塞湖因对下游威胁程度、地质、地貌、水文条件、堰塞体规模和颗粒组成制定相应的排险方案。极高危和高危堰塞湖具有潜在的溃坝风险，必须及时排险。相对稳定的堰塞湖及其所在河道则应治理保护。结合北川唐家山、都江堰枷担湾等堰塞湖排险实例，提出了地震堰塞湖排险技术,包括险情勘查、险情评估、排险方案、施工技术。同时，对灾后堰塞湖观测、治理与保护利用提出了建议。

Risk-elimination Techniques and Management of Earthquake Lakes

Wenchuan earthquake caused hundreds of earthquake lakes with a block height over 10 m, water storage over 1.0×105 m3 and a catchment area more than 20 km2. Different types of earthquake lakes are required corresponding disposal approaches, depending on different hazard degree to downstream, conditions of geology, geomorphology and hydrology, and scale and particle sizes of block body. Based on the risk elimination practice on earthquake lakes,at the Tangjiashan in Beichuan County, Laohuyzui in Dujiangyan city,the risk elimination techniques, protection and integrated management of earthquake lakes were discussed. The key techniques applied in the risk elimination of Quake lakes, including site survey, risk assessment, design of discharge sluice channel, selection of construction method and equipments as well as post emergency disposal evaluation, were summarized.