月球原位能源支撑技术探索构想

随着探月工程规模的不断扩大，仅仅依靠太阳能电池或小型放射性同位素电源将难以为月基活动提供充足持续的能源供应，研发月球原位能源供给技术是各类月基活动的关键基础。本文基于月壤和月岩恒温层与月球表面存在巨大温差的特性，提出了利用该温差进行发电的月基原位能源支撑技术构想，设计了月球温差热电材料热伏发电技术和月球温差磁悬浮发电技术及实施构想。月球温差热电材料热伏发电系统直接利用热电材料实现昼夜连续工作的热电转换，将月表辐射能（白天）以及月壤的热能（夜晚）连续转化为电能；月球温差磁悬浮发电系统和技术利用氨-铝热虹吸管取热和磁悬浮透平发电机发电的方案将月球表面与月球月岩恒温层之间的温差转换为电能。两类月基温差发电技术具有无机械摩擦、效率高、寿命长、质量轻的优点，可为探月活动原位能源供给提供相关技术支撑。

Conceptualization of In-situ Energy Support Technology on the Moon

As the scale of lunar exploration projects continues to expand, it is difficult to provide sufficient and sustained energy for all the activities on the moon just relying on the solar cells or small radioisotope power sources. The development of lunar in-situ energy supply technology is the key foundation of various lunar-based activities. Based on the characteristics of the huge temperature difference between the lunar soil and lunar rock constant temperature layer and the lunar surface, this paper proposes a conceptualization of lunar-based in-situ energy support technology that can uses the temperature difference to generate electricity. The design and implementation of lunar thermoelectric materials thermovoltaic power generation technology and lunar magnetic levitation power generation technology are developed. The lunar thermoelectric material thermovoltaic power generation system directly uses thermoelectric materials to realize the thermoelectric conversion. It can Continuous convert lunar surface radiant energy (daytime) and lunar soil heat energy (night) into electrical energy. The lunar magnetic levitation power generation system and technology uses ammonia-aluminum thermosyphon for heat extraction and the magnetic levitation turbine generator to generate electricity, which can convert the temperature difference between the lunar surface and the lunar moon rock constant temperature layer into electrical energy. Those two types of power generation technologies have the advantages of no mechanical friction, high efficiency, long life and light weight, which can provide technical support for the in-situ energy supply of lunar exploration activities.