煤炭开发过程碳排放特征及碳中和发展的技术途径

理清煤炭开发过程碳排放特征，是推动煤炭开发过程碳达峰碳中和的前提和基础。基于煤炭开发全生命周期碳排放清单分析方法，重点从生产用能、瓦斯排放及矿后活动三个环节，建立了煤炭开发过程碳排放计算模型，测算了煤炭开发过程碳排放量，并分析了不同环节碳排放特征，提出了煤炭开发过程碳减排技术途径。研究表明：(1)生产用能碳排放强度呈下降趋势，由2010年81.5 kgCO2/t，先快速降低到2015年的66.5 kgCO2/t，而后缓慢降低到2020年的65.4 kgCO2/t；(2)瓦斯排放（碳排放）强度呈快速下降趋势，由2010年的123.7 kgCO2/t降低到2020年的67.6 kgCO2/t；(3)矿后活动碳排放强度呈缓慢降低趋势，由2010年的21.5 kgCO2/t，逐渐降至2020年的18.0 kgCO2/t。基于碳排放量和排放特征分析，提出了煤炭开发过程实现碳中和的五大技术途径，即大力推广应用煤炭开发节能提效技术，减少煤炭开发过程能源消耗带来的碳排放；持续攻关煤矿瓦斯抽采利用技术，减少煤炭开发过程甲烷排放；加快探索煤炭开发颠覆性技术，从原理上改变碳排放特性；有序研发和示范煤矿区煤与新能源耦合利用技术，降低单位产品碳排放强度；尽早谋划煤矿区二氧化碳捕集、利用与固化、封存技术，形成煤炭行业独有的碳中和实现途径。

Characteristics of Carbon Emissions During Coal Development and Technical Approaches for Carbon Neutral Development

Clarifying the carbon emissions and emission characteristics of the coal development process is the prerequisite and basis for promoting carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the coal development process. Based on the carbon emission inventory analysis method of the whole life cycle of coal development, focusing on the three links of production energy, gas emission and post-mining activities, the carbon emission calculation model of the coal development process was established, and the carbon emission during the coal development process was measured. The characteristics of carbon emissions in different links was analyzed, and the technical approaches for carbon emission reduction in the coal development process was proposed. The results shows: (1) The carbon emission intensity of energy used in production shows a fluctuating downward trend, from 81.5 kgCO2/t in 2010, first reduced to 66.5 kgCO2/t in 2015, and then slowly reduced to 65.4 kgCO2/t in 2020; (2) The carbon emission intensity of coal mine gas emissions(carbon emissions) has shown a rapid downward trend, from 123.7 kgCO2/t in 2010 to 67.6 kgCO2/t in 2020; (3) The carbon emission intensity of post-mining activities is slowly decreasing, from 21.5 kgCO2/t in 2010 to 18.0 kgCO2/t in 2020. Based on the above research, five technical approaches for carbon neutral development in the coal development process are proposed, namely, Vigorously promote the application of coal development energy-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies to reduce carbon emissions caused by coal development energy consumption; Continue to tackle key coal mine gas extraction and utilization technologies to reduce methane emissions during coal development; Accelerate the exploration of disruptive technologies for coal development to change carbon emission characteristics in principle; In order to develop and demonstrate coal and new energy coupling utilization technologies in coal mines in order to reduce the carbon emission coefficient per unit product; Plan as soon as possible the technology of carbon dioxide capture, utilization, solidification, and storage in coal mine areas to form a unique way for the coal industry to achieve carbon neutrality.