数控气压式柔性加载模型试验系统的研制及应用

地质力学模型试验中针对地应力的模拟,往往采用液压千斤顶刚性加载的方式,该加载方式具有以下不足:1)使得模型边界的位移同步一致,而模型应力则呈现非线性分布状态,与实际工程的地应力状态不符。2)无法应用于不同形状的洞室内,无法对含内压地下洞室(如隧洞内水压力、石油储备库油压等)进行有效模拟,因此成为制约有压洞室模拟的一个关键性难题。因此,有必要研制准确模拟洞腔内外压力的柔性加载装置。作者根据气压加载灵活的特性,设计研制了一套数控气压式柔性加载模型试验系统,有效实现了模型试验洞腔内的气压式柔性加载以及加载过程的自动化、数字化和可视化。通过气压式柔性加载控制系统能更真实地揭示深部软岩地下洞室围岩的非线性变形特征和破坏机理。将该系统应用于注采气压变化条件下盐岩储气库地质力学模型试验中,有效模拟了注采气压变化对盐岩地下洞腔的稳定性影响,获得了在不同注采气速率及不同气压条件下洞室收敛变形规律。试验表明,该实验系统可应用于有压洞室模型试验内压的有效模拟,具有广阔应用前景。

Development of Digital Controlling Air Pressure Flexible Loading Model Test System and Its Application

The geomechanics model test is an effective technical method in solving the special complex engineering problem. In order to make the model boundary forced uniformly and the inner pressure well simulated, a digital controlling air pressure flexible loading model test system was developed, which consisted of the air pressure loading apparatus, the human-machine interactive system and the air pressure loading digital control system. The loading system made the air pressure flexible loading automatically and realized the visualization and digitalization of the loading procedure. Through the system the deformation characteristic of the deep rock mass could be revealed. By the application of the system in the salt rock underground gas storage model test the effect of changing of gas injection and production on the stability of the cavern was well simulated. The convergence deformation laws of the cavern were got on the condition of the different velocity of the gas injection and production and the different operation air pressure. The test showed that the system can simulate the inner pressure of the cavity in the geomechnical model test, and has the broad prospect in application.