川藏高速巴塘-芒康段地质灾害遥感综合早期识别研究

G4218高速公路所处的巴塘-芒康段位于金沙江河谷至高原的过渡带,新构造活动强烈、岩体破碎,地质灾害问题非常严重,其修建和维护面临着巨大的难题。传统地面地质调查手段在选线和地灾评价方面面临诸多困难,从而无法给线性工程的规划建设提供合理的理论依据。利用光学遥感对地质条件形态解译与InSAR变形观测的技术相结合,有望能高效、准确的调查区域内地质灾害及揭示其发育规律,为可能出现的施工难题提供地质依据。本文根据青藏高原高山峡谷区特殊的地质条件总结了该区域常见的地质灾害,并针对这些灾害结合遥感技术制定了公路遥感综合识别技术方法。利用该方法对巴塘-芒康段进行灾害调查,充分掌握了光学遥感目视解译技术与InSAR技术的使用,再辅以野外地质调查、GIS空间分析、工程地质类比等工作,获得了一些知识：(1)研究区内光学目视遥感解译固有地质灾害670处,结合四种SAR数据的InSAR技术解译活动地质灾害数量220处,对线路可能产生直接不利影响的地质灾害共72处；(2)研究区不同类型地质灾害的发育规律随着地形地貌、地质条件和地质灾害等的变化存在较大差异,可将其划分为金沙江宽谷段、垄曲窄谷段、日荣深沟段、灵芝河切割段、芒康平缓段以及拉乌山坡降段六个段,为预设线路的调整设计提供了地质依据；(3)光学遥感解译结果和InSAR解译结果并非完全一致,二者不能直接进行互查工作；(4)综合遥感技术方法的使用在青藏高原高山峡谷区的公路建设中具有普适性,它充分利用了光学遥感解译技术和InSAR变形观测技术的互补性,在节约时间成本的基础上,对区域的地质灾害发展情况有更了全面的了解。

Remote Sensing Integrated Identification of Geological Hazards in the Batang-Mangkang Section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway

The Batang-Mangkang section of the G4218 highway is located in the transition zone from the Jinsha River valley to the plateau,where the neotectonic activity is strong, the rock mass is broken, and the problem of geological disasters is very serious,so the construction and maintenance of the section are faced with huge difficulties. Traditional ground geological survey methods are faced with many difficulties in route selection and evaluation of disasters, so they cannot provide a reasonable theoretical basis for the planning and construction of linear engineering. The combination of optical remote sensing and InSAR is expected to efficiently and accurately investigate geological hazards and reveal development rules of hazards, so as to provide a geological basis for possible construction problems. Based on the special geological conditions in the alpine gorge area of qinghai-tibet plateau, this paper summarizes the common geological disasters in this area, and develops a comprehensive remote sensing identification method for highway based on the remote sensing technology. Using this method to carry out a disaster investigation on the Batang-Mangkang section, fully grasped the use of optical remote sensing and InSAR, supplemented by field geological surveys, GIS spatial analysis, engineering geological analogies, etc., and obtained some Knowledge: (1) The number of geological hazards interpreted by optical visual remote sensing in the region is 670, and the number of geological hazards interpreted by InSAR is 72, and there are a total of 72 geological hazards that may directly adversely affect the line. (2) The development regularities of different types of geological hazards in the region are greatly different due to changes in topography, geological conditions, and geological hazards. The region can be divided into six sections:Jinsha river wide valley sections, Longqu narrow valley sections, and Rirong deep groove section, the Lingzhi river cutting section, the Mengkang gentle section, and the Lawu mountain slope descending section, which provides the geological basis for the adjustment of the default route design; (3) The optical remote sensing interpretation results and InSAR interpretation results are not complete consistent, and they cannot directly check each other; (4) the use of integrated remote sensing is universal in highway construction in the alpine canyon area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It makes full use of the complementarity of optical remote sensing and InSAR, and has a more comprehensive understanding of the development of regional geological disasters on the basis of saving time and cost.