奥曼与谢林对博弈论的贡献

冲突与合作是博弈论研究的两大基本问题.谢林对策略承诺、可置信的威胁、自我选择限制、聚点的研究,奥曼对惩罚威胁可信度、重复博弈、不对称信息条件下的重复博弈理论、博弈理论的认知基础、相关均衡等的研究,拓展了博弈分析的领域,增强了博弈论的分析能力.谢林对冲突的研究,奥曼对合作的研究,为人们研究政治学、经济学、社会学、军事科学等,提供了一个基本的分析框架.他们认为,博弈论最重要的应用在于对安全、裁军、市场价格形成、经济与政治谈判等的认识和预测.

Contributions to Game Theory by Aumann and Schelling

Conflict and cooperation are the two fundamental issues in game theory.Schelling,a researcher of game theory,focuses on his exploration of strategic commitments,credible threats,limitations on one's own alternatives and focal points;while Aumann,another researcher of this field,conducts his researches about repeated games,theory of repeated games under the condition of asymmetry(generally as well as incomplete) information,the cognitive foundations of game theory,the concept of correlated equilibrium.The analysis ability and scopes of game theory are widened for their contributions.The researches,of conflict by Schelling and of cooperation by Aumann,provide a basic analytic framework for political science,economics,sociology,science of military affairs and so on.The most important applications of game theory are,as the two Laureates have shown,to be found in such vital issues as security,disarmament policies,price formation on markets,as well as political and economic negotiations.