狭义相对论的前提与全速域狭义相对论理论模型的构建原则

基于笔者提出的弥聚子论的基本概念及其中对于主要反映超高速领域物质运动与时空之间关系的爱因斯坦狭义相对论(或称“高速狭义相对论”)的尝试性拓展———预言了有可能显著存在于超低速领域的低速狭义相对论效应乃至有可能显著存在于超高速和超低速领域、同时涉及介于两者之间的常速领域的全速域狭义相对论效应，对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的前提进行了评述、质疑与修正，其要点包括：第一，指出了爱因斯坦在“以狭义相对性原理为前提”的名义下所做推导的前提超出了纯粹意义上的狭义相对性原理，它实际上隐含了独立且具有潜在局限性的“伽利略极限契合原理”和“线性时空变换假设”；第二，指出了依据对电磁波运动的考察和狭义相对性原理而得出的光速不变原理在其意义和作用方面存在一定的局限性，而通过对实物体运动的考察则有可能获得等价于光速不变原理或较之更具普遍意义的能够作为狭义相对论前提的原理，从而有可能更深刻、更充分地反映狭义相对论效应的物理本质乃至引发狭义相对论的变革；第三，区分了光速不变原理与“固有常数光速个例性原理”，指出了狭义相对性原理不仅寓于相关时空变换表达式的高度对称性之中，还必寓于其他与物理过程相关的原理之中；第四，依据前期研究成果对狭义相对论的前提进行了更新，即扬弃了光速不变原理并代之以先前提出的实物体运动存在速度上限和下限的“双极限速原理”及与之孪生的“双极限速质量-速度关联原理”，并指出了在笔者所期待的狭义相对论的变革中恰当运用“伽利略极限契合原理”或将其推广为“洛仑兹极限契合原理”乃至推广为扬弃具体极限情形的“一般性极限契合原理”以及放弃“线性时空变换假设”转而依循“时空变换数学形式的开放性原则”的必要性。在此基础上，通过在上限速单极近似下引入质量-速度关联原理，重新推导出了爱因斯坦狭义相对论中的洛仑兹变换关系式，明确了以质量-速度关联原理取代光速不变原理的推演步骤，并使得“光速不变”(或“上限速度不变”)在爱因斯坦狭义相对论中由前提蜕变为推论。继之，分别给出了上限速单极近似和下限速单极近似下质量-速度关系的唯象推导过程，并明确了低速狭义相对论和全速域狭义相对论时空变换关系式的构建原则。这一工作使得全速域狭义相对论完备理论模型的建立又向前推进了一步。

On the Hypotheses of Special Theory of Relativity and Principles of the Theoretical Model Establishment of Full-Velocity-Scope Special Theory of Relativity

Based on the fundamental concept of the author’s bivergentum theory and therein the attempt of the extension of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (or called as “high-speed special theory of rela-tivity”, ESTR or HS-STR), which shows the relationship between the matter movement and the space-time status mainly in the super-high speed regime, with the consequence of having predicted the low-speed special relativistic effect which may exist explicitly in the super-low speed regime and, further-more, the full-velocity-scope special relativistic effect which may exist explicitly in both the super-high speed and the super-low speed regimes and also involves the in-between common speed regime, some comments, queries and modifications on the hypotheses of ESTR are made and the main points therein are as follows: First of all, it is pointed out that the so called “principle of special relativity (PSR)” which was adopted as one of the hypotheses in Einstein’s derivation for the establishment of ESTR surpasses the purest-sense principle of special relativity, because it contains actually but implicitly the independent principle of Galileo-limit correspondence and the independent assumption of linear time-space transforma-tion (TST), both being of, at least potentially, the lack of generality. Secondly, it is realized that the principle of constancy of light velocity (PCLV) which was revealed from the observation of the movement of electromagnetic waves as well as the PSR seems to be limited to some extent in its worthiness, while, based on the observation of the movement of the real physical objects, it would be possible to find some proper principle or principles which could be equivalent to or even more general than the PCLV so that could be taken as relevant hypothesis or hypotheses of the special theory of relativity (STR), and then more insightful and more comprehensive physical essences of the relativistic effects could be reflected and some significant changes of STR could be induced; Thirdly, the PCLV and the individual principle of in-trinsic constant-velocity of light are differentiated, and it is found that the PSR resides not only in the high-level symmetries of relevant TST expressions but definitely also in other principles related to some physical processes; Fourthly, the STR hypotheses are updated according to the recent research advance-ments, i. e. the PCLV is sublated by replacing it with the previously proposed principle of upwards and downwards dual limitations of velocity which means that there exist both upper and lower velocity limits for real physical objects and also with the relevant twinborn principle of mass-velocity dependence (PM-VD); Meanwhile, for possible changes of the STR expected by the author, the necessity of proper utiliza-tion of the principle of Galileo-limit correspondence or the extension from this principle to the principle of Lorentz-limit correspondence and even to the principle of general limit correspondence in which the con-creteness of each individual limit is sublated and also the necessity of giving up the assumption of linear TST and turning to referring to the principle of the mathematical-form openness of TST are clarified. On the basis of these understandings, the expressions of Lorentz transformation in ESTR is re-derived by in-troducing the PMVD under the approximation of the mono-upwards-limitation of velocity; the concrete way to do this kind of derivations by replacing the PCVL with the PMVD is demonstrated; and, the obser-vation of the constancy of light velocity (or, the constancy of the upper-limit velocity) is made to degen-erate from a hypothesis into a deducted consequence in ESTR. Then, the phenomenological derivations of the mass-velocity dependences under the approximations of the mono-upwards and mono-downwards limi-tations of velocity are given respectively; the principles of the establishments of the expressions of TSTs in low-speed STR and in full-velocity-scope STR are also given. This work makes the establishment of the complete theoretical model of the full-velocity-scope STR go ahead for one more step.