5·12汶川地震绵阳市区房屋震害统计与分析

历次大地震的经验总结是推动建筑抗震技术发展的重要途径。通过绵阳市区房屋在汶川大地震后的震害应急评估和调查,对市区各类房屋结构的震害进行了统计,总结分析各类房屋的震害特征和经验教训。得到一些启示和建议:绵阳市区按现行抗震规范设计的房屋基本经受住了地震考验;不同的结构体系表现出的抗震性能差别较大;老旧房屋始终是抗震薄弱环节,应有选择地进行抗震鉴定加固,开展砖混结构墙体抗震防裂措施研究,采取措施有效减轻框架结构中填充墙等非结构构件的震害,开展楼梯抗震设计计算与构造措施的研究。

Building Damage in Mianyang City Caused by the May 12, 2008 Earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, P. R. China

Summarizing building damage in all previous large earthquakes is an important approach to promote the development of structural seismic design.We conducted a statistical analysis of the earthquake damage to various buildings in Mianyang city,Sichuan province,P.R.China.This analysis was based on the emergency assessment and investigation of building damage in Mianyang city caused by the large earthquake that occurred on May 12,2008 in Wenchuan.We also summarize the damage characteristics of different buildings and the lessons learned.We present the following findings and suggestions for structural seismic design:(1)Buildings in Mianyang designed according to current seismic code withstood the rare earthquake.(2)Different structural systems have obviously varied seismic behaviors.(3)Old buildings always have been the weak links in earthquakes,and should be evaluated and strengthened selectively after an earthquake.(4)Studies of anti-cracking measures for masonry walls should be conducted.(5)Effective measures should be taken to reduce earthquake damage to non-structural components,for example,infill walls in frames.(6)Seismic design methods and construction measures for stairs should be studied.