论涨差～落差关系及其在水位演算中的应用

河道洪水演算一般用流量演算法,但不能用于预报。而相应洪峰水位法只适用于预报洪峰水位,很难预报水位过程。本文根据河相关系涨差比落差的原理,提出三种预报水位过程的方法。(1) 据实测记录绘制下游站涨差与落差的关系曲线,用于预报。(2)相应涨差法:以上游站的涨差与下游站后一:时段的相应涨差建立关系,用于预报。(3)加权水位法:建立加权水位关系。以时段初的上、下断面水位预报时段末的下断面水位。

On the Relation between Time Change of Stage and Water Surface Fall and Its Application in Stage Routing

The general method used in flood routing is stream flow routing, but it cannot be used in forecasting. The corresponding peak stage method Can predict the downstream peak stage, however it is difficult to rout the stage hydrograph. In light of the relation of stage rise versus water surface fall, three methods for forecasting the donstream stage hydragraph are suggested as follows. 1. According to the flood stage records of a river reach, draw the curve of time change of stage downstream versus water surface fall, then this curve can be used for prediction. 2. The method of corresponding rise: constitute the relation of stage rise at upstream station versus the corresponding stage rise (in a time interval following) of the downstream station. This relation is easily used in forccasting. 3. The method of weighted stage: constitute the weighted stage relation, then the downstream stage at the end of time interval is easily computed from the stages at the beginning of time intcrval at both end of the reach.