受油机头波作用下软管-锥套运动特性分析

为降低空中加油对接过程中头波作用对软管-锥套的扰动,提高空中加油对接成功率,对头波影响范围内软管-锥套运动特性进行了仿真与分析。首先,基于集中参数原理的多刚体动力学,建立了包含软管弹性及弯曲恢复力矩且长度可变的软管锥套组合体动力学模型。 然后,采用拟合半兰金体头波理论模型模拟符合受油机头部外形尺寸的头波流场。最后,通过综合考虑紊流、重力以及加油机尾流等因素的数值仿真,获得了头波作用下软管锥套的运动特性,就不同对接高度、飞行速度、软管材料、对接速度、对接方式和受油机头部外形等因素对头波作用下软管锥套运动特性的影响进行了分析。结果表明:受油机靠近锥套时,在头波作用下锥套会向远离受油机的方向运动,然后回摆；高对接高度、低飞行速度可降低头波的扰动,合理设置对接速度、对接方式、软管材料、截面类型与受油机头部外形也可降低头波对锥套的扰动。仿真结果充分说明通过优化加油设备及对接过程可以达到降低头波扰动的目的。

Analysis of motion characteristics of hose-drogue under bow wave

To reduce the bow wave disturbance on hose-drogue during the docking operation of aerial refueling and improve the docking success rate of aerial refueling, the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under the influence of bow wave were simulated and analyzed. First, based on the lumped parameter method, a dynamic model of hose-drogue assembly with hose elastic, bending restoring moment, and variable-length was built. Then, a theoretical model for the bow wave of Rankine half-body was introduced to simulate the bow wave field conforming to the nose shape of the receiver aircraft. Finally, through the numerical simulation of turbulence, gravity, and tanker wake, the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under bow wave were obtained. The effects of docking height, flight speed, hose material, docking speed, docking method, and nose shape of the receiver on the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under bow wave were analyzed. Results show that when the receiver aircraft was close to the drogue, the drogue would deviate away from the receiver under the bow wave effect and then swing back. High docking altitude and low flight speed reduced bow wave disturbance. Reasonable setting of docking speed, docking method, hose material, section type, and nose shape of aircraft could also reduce the disturbance of bow wave to drogue. Simulation results show that the bow wave disturbance could be reduced by optimizing the refueling equipment and docking process.