尼泊尔文化遗产建筑震害特征及加固对策——以尼泊尔Ms 8.1级地震中3个杜巴广场为例

为研究尼泊尔地区加德满都谷地文化遗产建筑的结构特点和抗震性能,在Ms8.1级地震后进行了大量震害调查.砖木结构和砖石结构是谷地内加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗等3个杜巴广场文化遗产建筑的主要结构形式,介绍了两种结构的组成和特点,总结了砖墙破坏、木构件破坏、倾斜和倒塌等典型震害特征,并对其震害原因进行了分析,提出了文化遗产建筑震害等级划分标准,根据该标准,对文化遗产建筑的震害进行了分类和统计,得到两种结构震害等级所占的比例.结果表明,在52处砖木结构和16处砖石结构中,基本完好或轻微破坏的砖木结构比例仅为28.8%,而砖石结构仅为18.8%,其余为中等破坏、严重破坏或毁坏,砖木结构的抗震性能比砖石结构稍好.最后,结合文化遗产建筑的震害特征和保护原则,对其加固提出了几点对策.

Seismic damages of Nepalese cultural heritage buildings and strengthening measures: Case studies on three Durbar Squares in Ms 8.1 Gorkha earthquake

To study the structural characteristics and seismic performance of cultural heritage buildings in Kathmandu Valley, an extensive investigation was carried out after Ms8.1 Gorkha earthquake. Brick-timber structures and masonry structures are the two major structural types in Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares. The structural compositions and characteristics of brick-timber structures and masonry structures were described, and analysis was done for the typical seismic damage such as wall destruction, wooden components destruction, tilt and collapse, and, reasons were studied. The seismic damage degree of cultural heritage buildings was defined, the classification and statistics of damage to the cultural heritage buildings were carried out, and different proportions of damage levels of the two structure types were obtained. The results show that in the total 52 brick-timber structures and 16 masonry structures, the proportion of basically intact or slightly damaged of brick-timber structures is merely 28.8%, and yet the masonry structure is 18.8%, others belong to partially damaged, heavily damaged and collapse, and the seismic performance of brick-timber structures are better than masonry structures. Based on the results of the seismic damage investigations, and compared with the protective principle of cultural heritage buildings, some recommendations on the reinforcement measures of cultural heritage buildings were put forward.