提高催化裂化柴油安定性能技术进展(Ⅰ)——非临氢精制技术

论述了影响催化柴油氧化安定性能的因素,对酸碱精制、溶剂精制、吸附精制、加剂法、加速老化法、盐精制、生物精制等方法的原理及最新的工艺技术进展进行了介绍,并对各种精制方法进行了评价。酸碱精制设备和工艺简单、投资少,但产生酸碱渣,污染环境,而且精制效果不理想;溶剂精制设备投资大,精制油收率较低,精制成本较高;吸附精制的设备简单,成本较低,但受吸附剂的吸附容量限制;加剂法简单易行,但受适用性、广普性的限制;加速老化法的能耗和精制成本均较高,老化深度较难掌握;盐精制费用较低、腐蚀性小,但精制效果与烧碱相当;而生物精制需要培养选择性高和抗毒能力强的微生物。提出非临氢精制的发展趋势是将各种精制工艺进行有机组合,形成新的非临氢精制工艺,以改善柴油的质量。

Progress in Technology Improving the Stability of FCC Diesel Fuels(Ⅰ) --Technology of Nonhydrorefining

The effects of the external and internal factors on the stability of FCC diesel fuels were discussed. The principle and progress of various kinds of nonhydrorefining technologies, such as acid and caustic refining, solvent refining, adsorption refining, adding stability agent method, accelerated ageing method, salt extraction method and biological method were introduced in detail. These methods also were simply evaluated at the same time. The technology and equipment of acid and caustic refining is simple and its investment is low, but its refining results are not well. The equipment investment and costing of solvent refining method are high and the yield of refined oil is low. The equipment of adsorption refining is simple and costing is low, but adsorption capacity is low also. Although adding stability agent method is simple and easy, it is restricted by applicability of agent. Not only is the costing and energy consume of accelerated ageing method high, but also it is difficult to control the ageing depth. The cost and causticity of salt extraction method is low, but its refining results are the same as that of alkali refining. Higher selectivity and anti-poison capability are needed for biological method. A new nonhydrorefining technology combining current refining methods for improving FCC diesel fuels quality has been put forward.