生物炭农田应用的固碳减排研究进展

温室气体(GHGs)过量排放造成的全球气候变化问题受到广泛关注,农业活动是第二大温室气体排放源,减少农业温室气体排放刻不容缓.生物炭由生物质在高温限氧条件下热解炭化获得,其性质稳定、孔径丰富、富含芳香碳,因而减排增汇效果优异,具有参与农业自愿减排碳交易的显著潜力.然而生物炭固碳减排效果异质性大,影响因素复杂多样,因此有必要对其减排效应、影响因素和研究进展进行归纳总结.本文系统梳理了国内外与生物炭固碳减排相关的室内、大田研究和整合分析研究,同时采用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析,探究了该领域的发展趋势和研究热点.基于国内外碳交易市场发展特点与程度以及相应配套政策总结了生物炭参与碳交易面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了相应的解决手段,为生物炭固碳减排研究的开展和生物炭农田应用项目参与碳交易提供了科学指导和建议.

Effect of biochar agricultural application on carbon sequestration and emission reduction:a review

Global climate change caused by excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been widely concerned.Agricultural activities are the second largest source of GHGs emissions,so it is urgent to reduce agricultural GHGs emissions.Biochar,which has stable properties,abundant aromatic carbon and pores,is produced by pyrolysis of biomass under high temperature and limited oxygen conditions.The effect of biochar amendment on GHGs mitigation and soil carbon sequestration is excellent,and biochar application has the potential to participate in China''s ongoing carbon trading of voluntary emission reduction (VER).However,the factors affecting the carbon sequestration and GHGs emission reduction effect of biochar are complicated,so it is necessary to systematically summarize the mitigation effect,influencing factors and research progress of biochar.This paper reviewed researches on the GHGs emission reduction and carbon sequestration effect of biochar through pot and field experiment as well as meta-analysis research.At the same time,CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis to explore the research hotspots and development trends in this field.The opportunities and challenges faced by biochar application projects participating in carbon trading were summarized based on the characteristics of domestic and foreign carbon trading market development and corresponding supporting policies.Corresponding solutions were also provided in this study,which offered scientific guidance and useful reference for the development of carbon sequestration and GHGs emission reduction research of biochar and the successful participation of biochar application projects in carbon trading.