大型铁路站房结构健康监测研究现状评述

铁路站房作为大型公共建筑，具有结构体系复杂、人流高度密集、使用年限长等特点，一旦结构失效，将会造成严重的社会影响。为了有效监测站房结构的健康状况，及时发现站房结构的损伤，最大程度地保障铁路站房的结构安全，有必要对铁路站房结构进行健康监测。结合大型铁路站房工程案例，总结大型铁路站房的组成和结构特点，介绍站房健康监测系统的组成，考虑施工和运营2个阶段，从屋面层、无柱雨棚和承轨层3个部分，分析大型铁路站房主要监测对象和监测内容，并指出健康监测在铁路站房结构应用中有待解决的问题，以期促进健康监测在大型铁路站房结构中的应用和发展。

A review of structural health monitoring of large railway stations

Railway stations are a type of large public facility, featured with a complex structural system, high people flow and long service life. Failure of the structural system will cause a serious social impact. In order to effectively monitor the health condition of the station structures, and find out damages of the station structures timely, so as to ensure structural safety of the railway stations to the greatest extent, it is essential to perform health monitoring on the railway station structures. In this study, a case study of a large railway stations is presented, with an overview of structural components and features of stations and an introduction of the health monitoring system used in stations. The main monitoring objects included three levels (roof layer, canopy without platform columns, and rail bearing layer) of the station during construction and operation stages. Problems remaining to be solved are discussed on the application of health monitoring on the railway stations structures, in order to promote the development of health monitoring in large railway station structures.