太阳能飞机工作条件对太阳能电池性能的影响

太阳能飞机能源系统的核心部件是太阳能电池,性能受外界环境影响动态变化,准确预测其性能是飞机方案设计的重要基础工作。文章以光伏发电模型为基础,通过模拟太阳辐射和太阳能电池温度的逐时变化,预测了太阳能电池在飞行时间、速度和高度等工作条件变化时的性能。研究结果表明,受一天内太阳辐射和环境温度的变化影响,飞行时间是太阳能电池性能最大的影响因素,性能指标以太阳时12点为中心左右基本对称变化。飞行高度的改变伴随太阳辐射和环境温度变化,每升高1 km,开路电压提高1.52%,短路电流提高1.49%,最大功率提高3.65%。飞行速度的改变使得太阳能电池温度变化,每加速10 km/h,开路电压提高3.90%,短路电流降低0.31%,最大功率提高5.32%。以上研究,预测了太阳能电池在不同工作条件下的变化情况,为正确选择和改进能源系统方案奠定了理论基础。

Exploring Effects of Solar-Powered Airplane Operating Conditions on Solar Cell Performance

The core components of the solar-powered airplane energy system are solar cells,whose performance is changing as the ambient environment changes;therefore,predicting their performance accurately is the most important job in the conceptual design of solar-powered airplane.Based on the photovoltaic power generation model,this paper predicted solar cell performance by simulating the solar radiation and the solar cell temperature,both of which change hourly as flight time,speed and altitude and other working conditions change.Our results suggest that flight time is the most important impact factor on solar cell performance and the performance indices agree with the asymmetry around 12 o’clock solar time.Changes in flight altitude make the solar radiation and the ambient temperature change;the open circuit voltage,the short circuit current and the peak power will rise 1.52%,1.49% and 3.65% respectively for 1 km rise in flight altitude.Changes in the flight speed make solar cell temperature change;the open circuit voltage and the peak power will rise by 3.90% and 5.32% respectively but the short circuit current will drop by 0.31% for 10 m/h increase in flight speed.Through the above research,this paper predicted the solar cell performance under different working conditions and laid a theoretical foundation for the correct selection and improvement of Chinese energy systems programs.