用表面裂纹法测中强钢板材断裂韧性K_(IE)和K_(IC)的探索

用表面裂纹法在室温下研究了三种厚度(10、8和5mm)、三种宽度(110、80和56mm)的30CrMnSiA板材的断裂韧性。用最大载荷P_(max)计算断裂韧性、不易得到板材的K_(IE)值。如选用相对有效裂纹扩展△α/α_0=10%和5%确定的“条件载荷”P_(10)和P_5计算,在P_(max)/P_(10)≤1.2和P_(max)/P_5≤1.3条件下,可以得到K_(IE)和K_(IC)值。作K_R-△α曲线,即是以K描述的阻力曲线。规定裂纹真正扩展△α=2%α_0和7%α_0,相应的阻力各为K_(IC)和K_(IE)。它们与用“条件载荷”计算的K_(IC)和K_(IE)符合得很好。K_(IC)还和J积分换算的K_(IC)值吻合,K_(IE)还和用P_(max)计算的有效K_(IE)值吻合。K_(IC)和K_(IE)存在着近似的关系,为: K_(IC)=(0.85～0.90)K_(IE) 对试件尺寸要求: 板厚,B≥1.0(K_(IE)/σ_(0.2))~2或1.25(K_(IC)/σ_(0.2))~2] 板宽,8≤W/B≤10,4≤W/2c≤5 有效长度,l≥2W