石墨烯化学及潜在应用

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构（由一层密集的、包裹在蜂巢晶体点阵上的碳原子以sp2杂化连接而成的单原子层组成）和优异的电学、光学、热学和机械性能,倍受科研机构的大力关注,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和工程领域的热点研究课题。石墨烯可以通过机械剥落法、碳化硅表面外延生长、取向附生法、化学气相沉积法、化学分散法及化学合成法等方法制备。与富勒烯（C60,C70）的功能化一样,利用共价键合修饰或非共价键合修饰的方法可以在石墨烯表面或石墨烯体系引入功能基团或功能组分,制备出具有特殊功能的石墨烯衍生物。大量理论和实验研究表明,石墨烯及其衍生物在纳米器件、半导体材料、生物传感器、信息存储、太阳能电池和储氢材料等领域具有潜在的重要应用价值。综述了近年来石墨烯的制备方法、化学修饰和应用研究进展,对存在的问题和未来的发展方向作了适当阐述。

The Chemistry and Potential Applications of Graphenes

Graphene,a one-atom-thick and two-dimensional（2D） planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice,has been a subject of extensive academic and commercial interest for potential use as the active materials in the fields of materials science,chemistry,physics and engineering due to its outstanding electronic,photonic,thermal and mechanical properties.It can be wrapped up into 0D fullerenes,rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite.In this paper the important aspects of graphenes,including preparation methods,chemical modification and potential applications,have been highlighted in detail.Basically graphenes can be prepared by micromechanical exfoliation,epitaxial growth on electrically insulating surfaces such as SiC,chemical vapor deposition,chemical synthesis and the creation of colloidal suspensions.By covalent or,non-covalent modification of graphenes,a large number of the intersting and promising functional materials have been prepared.Many challenges still remain.Future work should be focused on in-depth studies of graphene chemistry and materials science to provide a detailed understanding of the factors affecting the materials performance.