低共熔溶剂提取液、固相环境介质中重金属的研究

当前, 环境介质(土壤, 水体和大气颗粒) 中重金属浓度超标事件频发。如何萃取环境介质的重金属已经成 为当前研究的重要课题。低共熔溶剂(DESs) 是由氢键受体和氢键供体组合而成的两组或两组以上组分的低共熔混 合物, 作为新兴的绿色溶剂, 由于具有绿色环保、可生物降解, 对处理对象损伤性小等优势, 被广泛应用于重金属的 萃取。然而, 关于DESs 对环境介质中重金属的提取的研究仍然缺乏。基于此, 系统综述了DESs 对不同环境介质中 重金属萃取的研究进展, 重点探究DESs 对液相和固相中重金属的萃取机理及效果。结果表明, DESs 对提取液相和 固相中重金属(如Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Co、Mn、As 等) 都呈现较好效果。其中氢键供体的羧基和合成DESs 过程中产 生的氢键对重金属的去除起到关键作用, 可处理各种环境介质中重金属。现有的数据表明, 发展DESs 提取重金属 可能是传统处理重金属污染工艺良好的替代方式。

Study on Heavy Metals in Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Solid Environment Medium

At present, the concentration of heavy metals in environmental media (soil, water and atmospheric particles) exceeds the standard frequently. How to extract heavy metals from environmental media has become an important topic in current research. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is a low eutectic mixture with two or more components combined by hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor. As a new green solvent, DESs has been widely used in the extraction of heavy metals due to its advantages of green environmental protection, biodegradation and little damage to the treated objects. However, studies on the extraction of heavy metals from environmental media by DESs are still lacking. Based on this, the research progress of DESs in the extraction of heavy metals from different environmental media were systematically reviewed, the extraction mechanism and effect of DESs on the liquid and solid phases of heavy metals were focused on. The results show that DESs has a good effect on the extraction of heavy metals (such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Co, Mn, As, etc.) from liquid and solid phases. The carboxyl group of the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond generated during the synthesis of DESs play a key role in the removal of heavy metals, which can deal with heavy metals in various environmental media. The available data indicate that the development of DESs for heavy metal extraction may be a good alternative to the traditional process for the treatment of heavy metal contamination.