基于GIS的生态景观结构分析及其在公路网规划环评中的应用

公路作为景观生态学中的廊道,对生态系统具有线性切割作用,并导致生态系统的破碎化．公路网作为廊道网络,对于生态系统的破碎化影响巨大．为了分析公路网对生态系统的破坏和对生态系统多样性的影响,作者将景观生态学中的方法引入到公路网规划环境影响评价之中,采用地理信息系统中的叠图法,经过景观图件绘制、景观分类、景观指数计算以及景观影响分析等4个步骤,分析公路网规划可能造成的景观格局变化,结果表明,该方法可以定量分析公路网规划实施过程中对生态系统的影响,为生态规划提供了参考依据．

Analysis of Ecological Landscape Structure and Its Application in Road Network Planning and Environmental Assessment

As the "corridor" in ecology landscape,roads have linear effect on ecosystem and lead to fragmenta- tion of ecosystem．Road network,as a corridor network,places an enormous impact on the ecosystem frag- mentation．In order to analyze how the road network destroys ecosystem and influences the biodiversity of e- cosystem,this article imports the method from ecology landscape to the road network planning and environ- mental assessment,adopts the overlapping-map method in GIS,and analyzes the potential changes of ecology structure led by the road network planning．The method includes four steps,namely,drawing landscape map,classifying landscape,calculating landscape index and analyzing the impact on the road network．And the results show that this method is applicable to the quantitative analysis of the effect on ecosystem during the implementation of road network planning,thus provides some reference to ecological planning．