全球大停电的经验教训

根据国际能源机构的预测,在未来20多年里,发展中国家和新兴国家的耗电量将增加220%,而工业化国家则仅增加37%。现有电力系统负荷的大幅度增加将产生瓶颈效应和可靠性问题。历年发生的欧美州大停电清楚地表明,相邻系统间的紧密电气耦合对于重负荷互联系统而言,可能存在无法控制的级联事故风险。介绍美加大停电和欧洲大停电事件,讨论大停电的经验教训。对避免环流、防止电压崩溃等解决大型电力系统稳定性问题的措施及"防火墙"的实施进行了说明。阐述涉及系统改善的高压直流输电(HVDC)和灵活交流输电(FACTS)技术的优点。

Lessons learned from global blackouts

Global studies show that power consumption in the world follows the increase of population closely.In the next 20 years power consumption in developing and emerging countries is expected to increase by 220%,in industrialized countries,however,only by 37%.In future,in the course of deregulation and privatization,the loading of existing power systems will strongly increase,leading to bottlenecks and reliability problems.Large blackouts in America and Europe confirmed clearly that the favorable close electrical-coupling of the neighboring systems might also include the risk of uncontrollable cascading effects in large interconnected systems with heavy loads.An overview of the sequences of blackout events in US/Canada and Europe were given and countermeasures for blackout prevention were discussed.Avoidance of loop flows,prevention of voltage collapse,elimination of stability problems in large power systems as well as the implementation of fire-wall were presented.The benefits of HVDC and FACTS for system enhancement were explained.