美国得州ERCOT电力市场及其对我国电力改革的启示

美国得克萨斯州的ERCOT电力市场独具特色,运营也较成功,其中的一些经验值得我国借鉴。文中对ERCOT电力市场的运营状况进行介绍,总结市场参与主体及其联系、批发市场、辅助服务市场和零售竞争的特点及ERCOT电力市场改革的新动向。并针对中国的区域电力市场建设提出:我国的区域市场的层次设计可借鉴ERCOT电力市场中由QSE进行分区域电力电量平衡、由ISO运行剩余市场的方式;引入发电厂和供电商间的双边交易成为建立电力批发市场的必需;以双边交易为主导的电力批发市场需要建立良好运作的辅助服务市场;在价格水平较为合理的前提下,冻结受监管电价、同时允许竞争的零售商的电价低于该电价可作为吸引新的零售商、推进未来电力零售市场建设的方法之一。

Experiences in ERCOT market of Texas and a good reference for electricity market in China

ERCOT market of Texas is a unique and successful model of the electricity market in the United States, in which there are many experiences value for us to learn from. The background of ERCOT market is introduced. The participants and their relationship, the wholesale market, the ancillary services market, retail competitions and new trend of ERCOT market reform are summarized and whose characteristics are analyzed. It puts forward some suggestions for the electricity market reform in China, including that, (1) It can be used for reference in the arrangement design of Chinese regional market that the ISO just operates a residual market while the Qualified Scheduling Entities are responsible for energy balance; (2) Introducing bilateral transactions between generators and retailers is needed for the wholesale market; (3) It is essential to make ancillary services market operating effectively when bilateral transactions are in the leading position in the wholesale market; (4) When retail rates level is reasonable, it can encourage new competitors to enter the retail market and facilitate the retail competition to freeze the regulated rates at a level while allow competitive retailers to undercut it.