碳交易机制下计及用电行为的虚拟电厂经济调度模型

虚拟电厂(Virtual Power Plant, VPP)能够聚合发电侧的分布式能源以提高可再生能源消纳程度。由于可再生能源出力的不确定且成本缺乏竞争力，虚拟电厂在运营过程中往往存在弃风弃光现象。建立了一种碳交易机制下计及用电行为的虚拟电厂经济调度模型，使可再生能源能参与到碳交易中，并促进用户侧与发电侧的协同。针对该模型的双层性、非线性和半连续性，提出了一种综合线性逼近、KKT条件和透视变换理论的重构方法，将其转化为单层整数二阶锥模型实现求解。算例表明，促进可再生能源消纳有助于提高虚拟电厂的减排效益。同时，碳交易机制具有提高可再生能源消纳总量的能力，用户的响应则具有改善风能利用分布的能力，而采用合适的电价机制能够进一步发挥二者之间的协同效益。

Economic dispatch model of virtual power plant considering electricity consumption under a carbon trading mechanism

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) has the ability to increase renewable energy consumption by aggregating distributed energy on the power generation side. Because of the uncertainty of renewable energy output and the lack of cost competitiveness, the operation of virtual power plants often encounters the problem of wind and light power curtailment. This paper establishes a virtual power plant economic dispatch model that takes into account the electricity consumption behavior under a carbon trading mechanism. This model allows renewable energy to participate in carbon trading and promote the coordination between the user side and the power generation side. In view of the characteristics of this model, such as bi-level, non-linear, and semi-continuity, a reformulation method combining linear approximation, KKT conditions, and perspective transformation theory is proposed, leading to a single-level integer second-order cone formulation of the original model. The examples show that improving the consumption of renewable energy could increase the emission reduction benefits of virtual power plants. In addition, the carbon trading mechanism has the ability to increase the total consumption of renewable energy, and the response of users has the ability to improve the distribution of wind energy utilization. A reasonable tariff mechanism can further promote synergies between the two abilities. This work is supported by Beijing Innovation Base Cultivation and Development Special Project in 2017 (No. Z171100002217024) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71271081).