西北地区源端基地综合能源系统的技术方案设计及优化研究

我国可再生能源电力的大规模发展,面临着风光资源和电力负荷逆向分布以及可再生能源电力输出不稳定等问题的挑战。为此,有学者提出"源端基地综合能源系统"的概念,提议通过多能互补、特高压直流输电、就地消纳等途径促进风光资源充分利用。该文基于该概念,结合西北地区实例开展建模优化研究,以明确系统的技术方案及揭示其优化规律。首先,通过政策解读和工程技术调研,明确建模的目的和边界。之后,以最大化风光电力占比和最小化系统总成本为目标函数,建立仅考虑特高压直流外送和进一步考虑需求响应的2类系统优化模型,分别得到帕累托最优前沿,并通过分析对比揭示风光电力占比提高过程中系统优化配置的变化规律。结果表明,为实现高风光电力占比的外送,应更加重视配套风电机组、天然气联合循环机组、锂电池储能机组的建设,以形成若干风光气储一体化基地。此外建议尽早引入需求响应机制来改善电力外送经济性、促进可再生能源就地消纳。

Design and Optimization of Technical Schemes of Supply-side Base Integrated Energy Systems in Northwest China

The large-scale development of renewable energy power in China is faced with the challenges of the reverse regional distribution of wind and solar resources and power load, and intermittency and randomness of renewable energy power. In this regard, some scholar has proposed the concept of "supply-side base integrated energy system", which proposes to promote the utilization of wind and solar resources through multi-energy cooperation, ultra-high voltage(UHV) direct current(DC) transmission and local consumption. Based on the concept, this paper carried out modeling and optimization research on the real case of Northwest China to further clarify the system scheme and optimization principles. First, the design criteria and technical options were proposed through policy review and engineering project investigation. Then, with the objective function of maximizing the proportion of wind and solar power and minimizing the total cost, 2 types of system optimization model, including the supply-side base integrated energy systems considering only UHV DC transmission and further considering local demand response, were built. The Pareto optimal fronts were obtained, and the evolution pattern of system was analyzed with the continuous improvement of wind and solar power’s proportion. The study finds that, in order to realize the high proportion of wind and solar power in cross-regional transmission, more attention should be paid to the construction of wind turbines, natural gas combine cycle(NGCC) and lithium battery(LiB) energy storage units to form such integrated bases. In addition, demand response mechanism should be introduced as soon as possible to improve the economy of cross-regional power transmission and also increase local consumption of renewable energy.