质子交换膜燃料电池及系统建模的研究与进展

对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)进行数学模拟,有助于了解电池内部的物理化学过程,为进一步优化电池结构、尺寸和操作条件提供参考。详细介绍了目前PEMFC关于质子交换膜、电极、单电池,电池组和系统四个尺度上的建模现状,并指出了现有模型的优缺点。主要讨论:(1)全氟磺酸膜反胶束离子簇模型,微观尺度上膜的传递机理;(2)电极内传质、传热过程,分析各种电极模型的有效性; (3)水在膜内的传递现象,表明控制适当的水分布对提高电池性能非常重要;(4)单电池模拟过程中对热平衡和水平衡同时考虑。最后,分析了质子交换膜燃料电池建模的发展方向。

State-of-art and prospect of models performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and stacks

Modeling studies of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have significantly contributed to the understanding of the physico-chemical phenomena occurring in a fuel cell, and also provide a valuable tool for the optimization of structure, geometry and operating condition of fuel cells and stacks. The present status of PEMFC models at membrane, electrode, membrane-electrode assembly, single cell, stack and system levels were reviewed, and drawbacks of those models also were given. Emphasizes on: (1) the cluster-network model of perfluorosulfonic membranes, and the understanding on microscopic level of how the membrane operates; (2) the models of charge and mass transport coupled to electrochemical reaction in the electrodes, the validity of different models of electrode; (3) water transport mechanism through membrane, which is vital to improve the performance of MEA;(4) problems of water and thermal management should be solved simultaneously in fuel cell model. Finally, the development trends of fuel cell model were discussed.