电力需求侧规模储能容量优化和经济性分析

储能系统由于具备对功率和能量的时间迁移能力,是实施电力需求侧管理、控制负荷变动的一种有效手段。分析并建立由储能系统初始投资成本、运行维护成本、设备更换成本和资金收益构成的储能系统净现值目标函数,为准确估算储能在频繁不规则循环下的寿命周期,提出了一种基于等效寿命损耗的电池寿命计算模型;为确定储能充放电起止时刻,提出了一种改进的储能充放电策略。在容量优化计算中,采用量子编码结合自适应遗传算法,并引入灾变思想以提高计算速度达到全局最优。最后基于某电力需求侧一典型日的数据,分别对锂离子、钠硫、铅酸储能系统容量进行优化,通过基于净现值的经济性分析,对比三种储能应用于电力需求侧的经济性,结果表明,基于文中设置的边界条件,钠硫储能较另外两种储能更具经济性。

Optimal Allocation and Economic Benefits Analysis of Energy Storage System on Power Demand Side

The energy storage system (ESS) is an effective means of power demand side management (DSM) and control of load variation for its time shift capability with respect to power and energy. This paper presents an objective function of ESS net present value (NPV) composed of factors of the initial investment capital, operation and maintenance costs, equipments replacement costs and capital gains. A model based on equivalent life loss for calculating the battery life and an improved strategy for ESS charge/discharge is proposed, which is used for estimating the life of ESS with irregular cycles and determining the start-stop time of ESS charge/discharge, respectively. To speed up the calculation for achieving the global optimal solution, a scheme of quantum coding combined with self-adapting GA is adopted and cataclysm is introduced. A case study is made in terms of NPV for analyzing the economic benefits of three kinds of ESS, i.e. lithium-ion, lead-acid and sodium-sulfur. Based on boundary conditions set up in this paper, the experimental results show that sodium-sulfur ESS applied on the power demand side brings better economic benefits than the other two. This work is supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2012AA050217) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) of China (No. 20110008110042).