基于双层优化的电动汽车充放电调度策略

大量电动汽车无序充放电会给电力系统的安全与经济运行带来严重的负面影响。为避免这一问题,引入了对电动汽车进行分层分区调度的理念,并构建了基于双层优化的可入网电动汽车充放电调度模型。在上层模型中,通过优化各电动汽车代理商在各时段的调度计划(包括充电负荷和放电出力),使系统在研究时间区间内总负荷水平的方差最小化,从而实现削峰填谷;在下层模型中,通过各电动汽车代理商对其所管辖电动汽车充放电时间的优化管理,以便与上层的调度计划尽可能一致。之后,采用AMPL/IPOPT和AMPL/CPLEX高效商业求解器对上下层问题分别进行迭代求解。最后,以包含5个电动汽车代理商的、修改的IEEE 30节点测试系统为例,说明了所提出的模型与方法的基本特征。

A Charging and Discharging Dispatching Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Bi-level Optimization

The extensive integration of numerous plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs) into a power system could produce significant negative impacts on the secure and economic operation of the power system concerned,if the charging procedures of PEVs are uncoordinated.Given this,the hierarchical and zonal dispatching architecture is adopted and a new bi-level optimization model is presented for coordinating the charging/discharging schedules of the PEVs.The upper-level model is devoted to minimizing the system load variance so as to implement peak load shifting by dispatching each electric vehicle aggregator(EVA),and the lower one is aimed at tracing the dispatching scheme determined by the upper decision-maker through figuring out an appropriate charging and discharging schedules throughout a specified day.Two highly efficient commercial solvers,AMPL/IPOPT and AMPL/CPLEX respectively,are employed to solve the developed optimization problem.Finally,a modified IEEE 30-bus system with 5 EVAs is employed to demonstrate the basic characteristics of developed model and method.