电网连锁故障演化机理与博弈预防

连锁反应故障是导致大停电的重要原因。回顾了2003年以来世界范围内3次较为严重的连锁故障造成的大停电事故,通过对连锁故障发展过程的总结,得出了连锁反应故障的演化规律与一般特征。在此基础上,对连锁反应故障的机理进行了分析。文中将博弈思想应用于连锁故障的预防,将电网出现的扰动作为对弈中的进攻方,系统被动的调整作为被动的防御,提出连锁故障的对弈防御策略,一旦电网发生扰动则系统做相应调整,类似于对弈过程二人的交替走步。机理分析表明,这种调整削弱了元件间的关联作用,将系统运行点向远离临界状态的方向移动,因此可有效预防连锁故障。

Evolution Mechanism and Preventing Strategies for Cascading Failure

The cascading failure is an important cause leading to large-scale blackout of power grid.Three relatively serious power system blackouts resulted from cascading failures are reviewed in the worldwide from year 2003 to now.By summarizing their developments,the evaluative laws and general characteristics of cascading failures are drawn and then the mechanism of cascading failures is analyzed.The game theory is applied to prevention of cascading failure with the disturbances in power grid being the attacking side and the adjustments of system being the passive defense.Once disturbances take place,the system's states are adjusted accordingly just like alternant steps during playing chess.These adjustments weaken the correlations among components and change operating point of the system in the direction away from critical state,thus the cascading failures can be prevented effectively.