电动公交车换电站—电池充电站优化规划

充电设施的规划与建设是解决电动汽车发展瓶颈的重要问题。电动汽车在公共交通领域发展迅速,并广泛采用换电模式。文中充分考虑了电动公交汽车换电电量需求和充换电行为,提出了一种换电站—电池充电站建设模式,并给出了相应的优化规划方法。该方法首先使用近邻传播聚类算法对换电需求点进行空间聚类,以确定电池充电站的站址和规模,并利用化石燃料与电能的热值关系,将当前柴油公交车日消耗能量折算成电能以确定换电电量需求。然后,利用排队论方法对电池充电站内的工作情形进行建模,提出以拒绝服务率为主要约束,以综合建设成本最小为目标的优化模型。最后,以某城市实际统计数据为例给出了该市公交汽车换电站、电池充电站以及其充电设备、换电设备、电池的规划方案,为电动公交车充、换电站的实际规划提供参考。

Optimal Planning of Battery Charging and Exchange Stations for Electric Vehicles

The planning and deployment of electric vehicle battery charging devices is an important problem in tackling the bottleneck of electric vehicles. Although the charging mode is widely preferred, the exchange mode is still popular with public transport. A battery charging-exchange station construction mode is proposed along with the corresponding optimal planning strategy by taking the electric bus demand into consideration. The affinity propagation clustering algorithm is used to determine the sizing and siting of the battery charging stations. In order to identify the bus electricity demand, daily fuel consumption is converted into equivalent electricity usage. The queuing theory is put forward to model the daily management of battery charging stations. After that, a minimum construction cost optimization model is built with the service denying rate as the major constraint. Finally, actual statistics of a city are taken as an example to determine the quantity of charge/exchange devices and batteries in these stations providing reference to the actual planning of these facilities.