市场条件下的机组启动费问题

机组在启动过程中需要耗费高额的启动费，这部分启动费是应由电网公司在制定日计划时予以考虑，还是应由发电公司在报价时自行考虑？针对这一问题，作者以对比机组启动费用与发电效益为出发点，提出了根据机组的启机效率，使用寿命以及国家现阶段的政策导向等多方面因素，由电力市场调度交易中心和发电公司以及市场监管部门兼顾各方利益，共同核定机组的含有技术和经济双重性的参数－“最小经济运行小时数”，并由发电公司依据机组自身特性和市场状况，自行处理启动费；而调度交易中心在制定竞价上网发电计划及结算时则不再单独考虑和支付机组启停费用的观点：文中同时还提出了分摊机组启动费的两种方法－平均分摊法和负荷比例分摊法，并对比了这两种分摊方法对双方经济性的影响。

STUDY ON START-UP COST OF UNITS IN DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY MARKET

Since much costs will be expanded during the units start-up process, should the costs be considered by power transmission companies when they make generation scheduling or be considered by the generation companies when they bid ? To solve these questions, taking the comparison of the start-up cost of the units and their generation benefit as the starting point, an idea is put forward in which in accordance with the factors such as the start-up efficiency and the life-span of the units and the current policy of the government and considering the interest of various aspects the parameters of each unit that contain the dualism of technology and economy and are called minimum economic running hours are jointly checked and ratified by the dispatching and centre of the electricity market, the generation companies and administration of the market while the start-up costs of the units are dealt with by generation companies themselves according to the characteristics of the units and the situation of the market, and the start-up and shut down costs of the units are not solely considered and defrayed by the transaction centre in the electricity market when the generation scheduling for bidding are made and the accounts are settled. Besides, two methods of allocating the units' start-up costs, i.e., the average allocation method and the load allocation method, are given and the influences of the two allocation methods on the economy of both sides are compared.