基于HEED的无线传感器网络负载均衡路由算法

针对无线传感器网络存在的“漏斗效应”以及“热点”问题, 在HEED的基础上通过改进簇间路由协议，提出一种负载均衡路由算法HEED-LEDP。该算法通过在簇头节点间构建负载均衡树，保证网络中数据流量均匀分布于各个通信路径，避免大量数据汇集到少数路径上造成的“热点”问题；同时该算法提出一种应用于单条通信路径的轮换转发策略，将一条路径上数据转发的负担分布到所有节点中，从根本上消除“漏斗效应”。实验结果证明HEED-LEDP路由算法能有效避免网络中局部节点过早死亡的情况，提高网络寿命和能量使用效率。

Load balanced wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on HEED

Responding to the problems of “funneling effect” and “hot spot” in wireless sensor network, the paper proposes the HEED-LEDP by improving the inter-cluster routing protocol based on HEED. In the algorithm, a load balancing tree will be built between cluster head nodes to ensure uniform distribution of data traffic at the respective communication path, to avoid large amounts of data aggregated to small path creating “ hot spot”. Meanwhile, the algorithm proposes a retransmission in turn strategy which is appropriate for single communication path virtually eliminating the “funnel effect”. Experimental results show that HEED-LEDP network routing algorithm can effectively avoid premature death in the case of local nodes to improve network lifetime and energy efficiency.