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TCP/IP拥塞控制研究
引用本文:罗万明,林闯,阎保平.TCP/IP拥塞控制研究[J].计算机学报,2001,24(1):1-18.
作者姓名:罗万明  林闯  阎保平
作者单位:1. 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心,
2. 清华大学计算机科学与技术系,
基金项目:国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展规划项目!(G19990 32 70 7),国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划!(86 3-30 6 -ZT0 5 -0 1-0 2 86 3-30
摘    要:综述了Internet上TCP/IP拥塞控制研究方面一些最新的工作,分析了拥塞控制的原理、TCP/IP拥塞控制所使用的典型技术,并着重论述了TCP/IP拥塞控制所面临的问题,这包括自相似性问题、效率问题、公平性问题、算法改进、区分服务和多点广播中拥塞控制和TCP/IP在特殊网络(ATM网和卫星网)上拥塞控制等问题,并提出了其进一步的研究方向。

关 键 词:Internet  TCP/IP协议  拥塞控制  计算机网络  ATM

A Survey of Congestion Control in the Internet
LUO Wan Ming,LIN Chuang,YAN Bao Ping.A Survey of Congestion Control in the Internet[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2001,24(1):1-18.
Authors:LUO Wan Ming  LIN Chuang  YAN Bao Ping
Affiliation:LUO Wan Ming 1) LIN Chuang 2) YAN Bao Ping 1) 1)
Abstract:This is a review paper on recent works about TCP/IP congestion control of Internet. A summary of the techniques considered in the literatures is presented. Several reasons cause Internet congestion control. The typical techniques of congestion control include TCP and IP congestion control. The traditional end to end congestion control mechanisms of TCP which employs an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm have been a critical factor in the robustness of the Internet.Modern implementations of TCP contain four intertwined algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit and fast recovery. In this paper, the details of the above four algorithms and the improvements to TCP, such as Reno, Tahoe, SACK, Vegas, are investigated. Self similarity, efficiency and fairness of TCP congestion control are also discussed. However, the Internet is no long a small community, and it is no longer practical to rely on all end nodes to use end to end congestion control for best effort traffic. Similarly, it is no longer possible to rely on all developers to incorporate end to end congestion control in their Internet applications. The network itself must now participates in controlling its own resource utilization. Assuming the Internet will continue to become congested due to a scarcity of resources such as bandwidth and buffer, this proposition leads to several possible approaches for congestion control. One approach is to improve the continued use of end to end congestion control, as the primary mechanism to share scarce bandwidth and buffer. A second approach is to rely on the financial incentives or pricing mechanisms. A third approach involves the deployment of packet scheduling disciplines in routers that deal with packets, as much as possible, according to different priorities of packets. There are several existing mechanisms including Random Early Detection (RED), Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), Fair Queuing (FQ), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), etc. The above algorithms are valuable for congestion control but have deficiencies in the aspects of robustness, efficiencies, and fairness respectively. Improvements are needed.Finally, research topics such as congestion control of IP multicast, Differentiated services (Diffserv), and congestion control in the special fields, e.g., ATM and satellite networks, are investigated. Research directions and open problems in this area are also discussed.
Keywords:Internet  TCP/IP  congestion control
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