组合大视场星敏感器自主定轨方法

在卫星自主轨道确定中，敏感仪器和其使用方法是很关键的问题。如何利用低成本的设备实现高精度自主定轨，足一个值得研究的重要课题。该文提出了一种组合大视场星敏感器自主定轨方法，在该方法中，整个地球在敏感仪器视场范围内，且每个星敏感器能至少观测到星光穿过地球边缘周围附近的一颗恒星。这样既可利用星敏感器的高精度，又可得到观测整个地球边缘附近恒星所需要的大视场；叙述了利用组合大视场星敏感器确定地心的方法；最后运用广义号尔曼滤波算法进行了仿真。考虑到星表、敏感仪器和仪器标定精度，星光大气折射改正以及地球非球形几何改正，其定轨精度估计可达100m～150m．

An Autonomous Orbit Determination Method for Satellite Star Sensors with Large Field of View

Sensitive apparatus and its application method are key problems in autonomous orbit determination. How to use low cost apparatus in high precision autonomous orbit determination is an important problem for discussion. In this paper, an autonomous orbit determination method with a large field of view star sensors is presented. In this method, the earth is in field of the sensitive apparatus and every star sensor can catch at least one star whose light traverses the space near the earth, and thus the precision of the sensitive apparatus is the same as a star sensor and large field can be obtained to observe the stars; the earth center determination method is described; at last, calculator simulation is done with Kalman filtering. Considering the precision of the star table and the sensitive apparatus and the calibrated large field of view star sensors,the correction of starlight direction and nonspherical earth,the precision of the orbit determination is from 100m to 150m .