耦合车轮导向机理分析及导向性能对比研究*

不同耦合方式的车轮,其车辆的导向性能有明显不同.建立传统轮对、独立旋转车轮、纵向耦合轮对和弹性阻尼耦合轮对转向架动力学模型,分析其导向机理及纵向蠕滑力的产生,通过仿真确定不同耦合方式车轮车辆的曲线通过规律.计算结果表明传统轮对能够产生同位车轮大小相等、方向相反的纵向蠕滑力且导向能力最优;独立旋转车轮不能产生纵向蠕滑力,通过曲线时只能依靠轮缘进行导向;纵向耦合轮对产生同侧前后大小相等、方向相反的纵向蠕滑力,导向能力优于独立旋转车轮;弹性阻尼耦合轮对产生的纵向蠕滑力规律与传统轮对纵向蠕滑力规律基本一致,其导向性能略差于传统轮对,优于纵向耦合轮对.

ANALYSIS OF COUPLING WHEEL STEERING MECHANISM ANDCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF STEERING PERFORMANCE*

The steering performances of wheels with different coupling modes are obviously different. The dynamics models of a bogie with traditional wheelset, independent rotating wheel, longitudinal coupling wheel and elastic damping coupling wheelset were established, respectively, and the guiding mechanism and the generation of longitudinal creep forces were analyzed. The results showed that the traditional wheelset can produce longitudinal creep forces with the same size and opposite direction and has the best guiding ability. Independent rotating wheels cannot generate longitudinal creep forces, and the guidance can be fulfilled only by the wheel edge when the train passes through curved lines. The longitudinal coupling wheel also can generate longitudinal creep forces with the same size and opposite direction, and its guiding ability is better than the independent rotating wheel. The generating mechanism of the longitudinal creep forces produced by the elastic damping coupling wheelset is almost consistent with that of the traditional wheelset, and its guiding performance is slightly worse than the traditional wheelset, but better than the longitudinal coupling wheel.