一种基于拓扑结构及分配机制设计的多子块激励共识机制

对经典的PoW共识机制进行改进,改变了矿工所挖出区块接入主链的条件和收益分配策略,从而提出了一种改进共识机制。与PoW不同,在该改进共识机制中,首个生成的由N个子区块相连的子链将被整体接入主链,从而用更为复杂的网状结构来代替原有的单一链结构;改进了传统共识机制的收益分配策略,将分配策略分为3个步骤,以期提高算力小的矿工的预期收益,从而激励算力小的矿工积极参与挖矿,提升区块链的安全性。此外,该改进共识机制引入的网状结构,使矿工有了更多的挖矿策略选择。文中分别讨论了挖矿策略的选择、恶意矿工分拆算力、合谋等对区块链的安全与效能产生的影响。最后,通过设置多种市场情景对改进算法进行了仿真实验,分析在各种市场特征下各类矿工的挖矿收益,也就是挖矿策略的种类、选择各挖矿策略的矿工算力之比、算力分布的极差、大小矿工的划分标准等参数对矿工收益的影响效果,以为矿工后期选择挖矿策略提供指导。

Multi-subblock Incentive Consensus Mechanism Based on Topology and Distribution Mechanism

First of all,this paper proposes an modified consensus mechanism based on the classic PoW(Proof of Work)consensus mechanism by changing the condition of take the miners’blocks into blockchain and income distribution strategy.To be specific,on the one hand,according to the rule of this modified consensus mechanism,the first generated sub-chain made up of N sub-blocks will be integrated into the main chain,which is different from PoW,the modified consensus mechanism replaces the simple single chain structure of PoW with a more complex network structure;on the other hand,the modified consensus mechanism improves on the revenue distribution strategy of the traditional consensus mechanism,its distribution strategy is divided into three steps in order to improve the expected earnings of miners with low computational power,so as to encourage those miners with low computational power to actively participate in mining and supervise the safety of blockchain.In addition,the network structure introduced by the modified consensus mechanism enables miners to have more strategies of mining.This paper also discusses the influence of selecting different mining strategies,splitting calculation power of malicious miners and collusion on the safety and efficiency of the block chain.Finally,a variety of market scenarios are set up to simulate the improved algorithm so as to analyze the mining benefits of various miners under different market characteristics,which are hoping to guide miners.